Conceptual framework to define management strategies for silvopastoral systems in native forests

Most of the native forests in Argentina are used for livestock production with little sustainable silvopastoral management. Our objective here is to discuss different management strategies where natural and human capital combined co-produce ecosystem services (ES) provided by systems forests, interacting functions biodiversity. Also, we provide perspectives that should be analyzed a context socio-ecological approaches agro-forestry landscapes. Four types theoretical proposed (win-win, win-lose, lose-win lose-lose), which define social-ecological economic thresholds determine provision ES biodiversity long term. The evidence win-lose strategy occurs when managed mainly increase profitability through increments forage biomass aimed medium Deferred deforestation was presented as typical example lose-lose Chaco region based on short-term only obtaining commodities (crops or products) without considering negative interactions other loss information this work assist stakeholders researchers identify ecological resilience ecosystems under utilitarian vision key aspects resilience.